Kosovo has been a theater of ethnic conflicts throughout its history, largely involving two ethnic groups on its territory, the Albanians and the Serbs. The conflicts resulted from many factors religious clashes, power struggles, and racial discrimination, and they eventually led to segregation. Especially in the years from 1991 to 2000, the conflict led to the creation of parallel structures and institutions for the two communities. The Albanians proclaimed the independent Republic of Kosovo, a polity that shares some similarities with the regime created in South Africa in the years from 1948 to 1994. Miraglia's research identifies the main similarities between the two, focusing on the ideological justifications underpinning segregation, the social and linguistic divides, the main racial laws issued and the features of the new administrative systems, the entailed human rights violations and the reaction of the international community.

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